The facial vein has no valves, and its walls are not so flaccid as most superficial veins. From near its termination a communicating branch often runs down the anterior border of the Sternocleidomastoideus to join the lower part of the anterior jugular vein. It unites with the posterior facial vein to form the common facial vein, which crosses the external carotid artery and enters the internal jugular vein at a variable point below the hyoid bone. It runs obliquely downward and backward, beneath the Zygomaticus and zygomatic head of the Quadratus labii superioris, descends along the anterior border and then on the superficial surface of the Masseter, crosses over the body of the mandible, and passes obliquely backward, beneath the Platysma and cervical fascia, superficial to the submaxillary gland, the Digastricus and Stylohyoideus. It lies behind the external maxillary (facial) artery and follows a less tortuous course. facialis anterior facial vein) commences at the side of the root of the nose, and is a direct continuation of the angular vein. It receives the veins of the ala nasi, and communicates with the superior ophthalmic vein through the nasofrontal vein, thus establishing an important anastomosis between the anterior facial vein and the cavernous sinus. angularis) formed by the junction of the frontal and supraorbital veins, runs obliquely downward, on the side of the root of the nose, to the level of the lower margin of the orbit, where it becomes the anterior facial vein. Previous to its junction with the frontal vein, it sends through the supraorbital notch into the orbit a branch which communicates with the ophthalmic vein as this vessel passes through the notch, it receives the frontal diploic vein through a foramen at the bottom of the notch. It runs downward superficial to the Frontalis muscle, and joins the frontal vein at the medial angle of the orbit to form the angular vein. supraorbitalis) begins on the forehead where it communicates with the frontal branch of the superficial temporal vein. Occasionally the frontal veins join to form a single trunk, which bifurcates at the root of the nose into the two angular veins. At the root of the nose the veins diverge, and, each at the medial angle of the orbit, joins the supraorbital vein, to form the angular vein. The two veins are joined, at the root of the nose, by a transverse branch, called the nasal arch, which receives some small veins from the dorsum of the nose. The veins converge to form a single trunk, which runs downward near the middle line of the forehead parallel with the vein of the opposite side. frontalis) begins on the forehead in a venous plexus which communicates with the frontal branches of the superficial temporal vein. The Veins of the Exterior of the Head and Face-The veins of the exterior of the head and face (Fig. (3) The diploic veins, the veins of the brain, and the venous sinuses of the dura mater.ġ. The veins of the head and neck may be subdivided into three groups: (1) The veins of the exterior of the head and face. Reference > Anatomy of the Human Body > VII.
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